ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 1313-3543 (online)
VOLUME 16, NUMBER 4, DECEMBER 2013
CONTENTS
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J. NOURINEZHAD, H. GILANPOUR, B. RADMEHR & K. WASOWICZ Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 4 pp. 231-236 |
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R. STEFANOV, D. ABADJIEVA, M. CHERVENKOV, E. KISTANOVA,
D. KACHEVA, Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 4, pp. 237-242 |
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J. SAHANDI, H. JAFARYAN, P. MORADI & CH.TADIRI Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 4, pp. 243-250 |
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M. POURJAFAR, A. CHALMEH, K. BADIEI, S. M. M. HEIDARI &
A. R. SANATI
Electrocardiographic
and blood electrolyte changes in goats following single intravenous
furosemide administration |
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H. MALEKINEJAD |
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I. VALCHEV, TS. HRISTOV, L. LAZAROV, D. KANAKOV, R. BINEV & Y. NIKOLOV |
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B. NIKAHVAL, S. NAZIFI, F. ALIABADI, M. MANSOURIAN & H. IMANI |
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D. STRATEV, I. VASHIN & H. DASKALOV |
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M. R. GURAU, S. BARAITAREANU & D. DANES |
Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia
University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 16, Number 4, December 2013, Summaries
Nourinezhad, J., H. Gilanpour, B. Radmehr & K. Wasowicz, 2013. Macromorphometric analysis of foetal thoracic vertebral segments in sheep. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 4, 231-236.
In this investigation, the developmental trend of the thoracic vertebral segments in sheep foetuses was studied. The study was carried out on 40 sheep foetuses aged between 9–20 weeks with no marked abnormality. The total and segmental lengths of the thoracic vertebrae were measured using a digitized caliper. The total length of thoracic vertebral segments was increased with advancing gestational age (P<0.05). There were no differences between sexes in all parameters (P>0.05). Our findings on the foetal morphometrical characteristics of the sheep thoracic vertebral columns may provide valuable basic data for understanding and interpreting results from studies of the in vitro and in vivo research on human spines.
Key words: development, foetal period, length, sheep, vertebral segment
Stefanov, R., D. Abadjieva, M. Chervenkov, E. Kistanova, D. Kacheva, P. Taushanova & B. Georgiev, 2013. Enzyme activities and motility of boar spermatozoa during 72-hour low-temperature storage. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 4, 237–242.
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between semen lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme X (LDH-X) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme activities and sperm motility in boar ejaculates, stored at 15 ºC for 72 h. Ejaculates were obtained from clinically healthy boars from Danube White breed. The motility, concentration and speed parameters of the sperms were determined by sperm class analyzer SCA (Microptic, Barcelona, Spain). The measurement of the spermatozoa enzyme activity was made by using a semi-auto clinical chemistry analyzer BA-88 (Mindray, Medical Germany GmbH, Bensheim, Germany). It was found that during storage, the decrease in the spermatozoa with progressive motility corresponded to reduced LDH-X and GGT enzyme activities. A stronger correlation was established between LDH-X activity and spermatozoa motility. In conclusion, LDH-X and GGT could be used as biological markers of semen quality after low-temperature (15 ºC) storage for seventy two hours.
Key words: boar semen, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme X (LDH-X), motility
Sahandi, J., H. Jafaryan, P. Moradi & Ch. Tadiri, 2013. Effect of in-feed probiotic blend on growth performance and infection resistance of the guppy (poecilia reticulata). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 4, 243-250.
The present study was carried out to evaluate the dietary effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus spore (B. licheniformis and B. latrospore) probiotic blend in guppy (Poecilia reticulata) larvae 30 days after the first feeding at ratios of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. Bacillus spores were used with the same density of 1×109 cfu/100 g in all treatments. There were no significant differences in larvae growth performance (P>0.05). A significant effect was observed when fish were challenged with Ichthyophtirius multifilus parasites (P<0.05). The highest survival percentage was observed in the group which received 1.5% yeast supplement and 1×109 cfu/100 g Bacillus spores. Also the highest mortality was related to group D1 which was fed a diet containing 1% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus spore blend. This information indicates that the blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus spore can act as immune stimulator to treat fish ectoparasites, Ichthyophtirius multifilus instead of chemical drugs.
Key words: antiparasitic effect, growth performance, Poecilia reticulata, probiotics
Pourjafar, M., A. Chalmeh, K. Badiei, S. M. M. Heidari & A. R. Sanati, 2013. Electrocardiographic and blood electrolyte changes in goats following single intravenous furosemide administration. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 4, 251-259.
Fifteen clinically healthy non-pregnant 4-year-old Iranian Najdi does were divided into 3 equal experimental groups (n=5) and received different doses of furosemide intravenously (Group 1: 2.5 mg.kg–1; Group 2: 5 mg.kg–1 and Group 3: 10 mg.kg–1). Electrocardiogram recordings and blood samplings to evaluate serum sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentrations were performed prior and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 24 hours after furosemide administration. In Group 3, R amplitude at 5th hour was significantly different from other experimental groups (P=0.001) and significantly higher than baseline level (P=0.001). P-R, R-R and S-T intervals in Group 3 at 5th hour were significantly higher than in other groups (P<0.05). These parameters in Group 3 at this time were significantly higher than baseline values (P<0.05). In all 3 experimental groups, serum concentrations of sodium, chloride and potassium at 5th hour were significantly lower than baseline levels at hour zero. It may be suggested that changes of electrocardiographic parameters after furosemide administration are due to alterations of the electrical conduction of action potential in the myocardium.
Key words: blood electrolytes, electrocardiogram, furosemide, Iranian Najdi goat
Malekinejad, H., 2013. Zearalenone is converted to a potent oestrogenic metabolite by the equine hepatic subcellular fractions and hepatocytes. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 4, 260-270.
Zearalenone (ZEA) is found in contaminated feeds and its oestrogenic effects depend on its biotransformation fate. The current study aimed to investigate the hepatic biotransformation of ZEA in horse by using freshly isolated hepatocytes and also hepatic subcellular fractions. ZEA was incubated with hepatocytes and hepatic intracellular subfractions in the presence of nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and the products were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Moreover, in the presence of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA), the rate of glucuronidation for ZEA and its products were estimated. We found that α-zearalenol (α-ZOL) was the major hepatic metabolite of ZEA. The enzymatic kinetics analyses indicated that the α-ZOL production by hepatocytes and microsomal fractions were three and two-fold higher than the b-zearalenol (b-ZOL) production, respectively. The postmitochondrial fraction was able to convert the ZEA into only a-ZOL and 5-fold less than the microsomal fraction and hepatocytes. ZEA and α-ZOL were entirely conjugated with glucuronic acid at the lower concentrations; while at concentrations higher than 50 mM, ZEA is conjugated 2–3 times than a-ZOL. Our data suggest that the hepatic biotransformation of ZEA results in bioactivation and formation of potent oestrogenic metabolite. Moreover, at the relevant concentrations, ZEA and a-ZOL are entirely conjugated with glucuronic acid that may prolong its presence in the body.
Key words: conjugation; hepatocyte; mycooestrogen; subcellular fractions
Valchev, I., Ts. Hristov, L. Lazarov, D. Kanakov, R. Binev & Y. Nikolov, 2013. Investigations on productive traits in broiler chickens with experimental aflatoxicosis. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 4, 271-281.
Several poduction traits (live body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion, daily feed consumption) and relative weights (g/100 g body weight) of visceral organs (liver, kidneys, heart, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen, pancreas, gizzard and proventriculus) were investigated in broiler chickens with experimentally induced aflatoxicosis B1. The experiments were carried out with five groups of ten 7-day-old Cobb broiler chickens in each. The groups were as followed: group I – control (fed standard compound feed according to the age and species); group II – experimental, whose feed was supplemented with 1 g/kg Mycotox NG, group III – experimental, receiving 0.5 mg/kg AFB1; group IV – experimental, receiving 0.8 mg/kg AFB1 and group V – experimental, supplemented with 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 and 1 g/kg Mycotox NG. The duration of the experiment was 42 days. The dynamics of live weight, daily weight gain, daily feed consumption and conversion were followed out on 21, 35 and 49 days of age. The differences between relative visceral organ weights between control and experimental groups were determined after the trial’s end. Lower live body weight, daily weight gain, daily feed consumption as well as increased feed conversion and higher relative weights of the liver, kidneys, heart, pancreas, spleen, gizzard and proventriculus were found out in groups ІІI and IV. Simultaneously, the relative weights of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius were statistically significantly reduced. The supplementation of the feed of experimental group V with 1 g/kg Mycotox NG resulted in substantial reduction of negative effects of AFB1 on production traits and visceral weights. There were no statistically significant differences between studied parameters between group II, receiving only mycosorbent, and controls.
Key words: aflatoxicosis B1, chickens, Mycotox NG, production traits, relative weights
Nikahval, B., S. Nazifi, F. Aliabadi, M. Mansourian & H. Imani, 2013. Measurement of interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 in synoval fluid of osteoarthritic dogs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 4, 282-288.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative process which involves different structures of the synovial joints. Degradation and repair of the articular cartilage – the most important involved structure – were investigated by measuring interleukin (IL) 1β and IL-6, joint markers of degradation and repair respectively. To this end, five mature large size mixed-breed male dogs were used for this study. Synovial fluid samples were obtained from joints by aseptic arthrocentesis before surgical sectioning of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) and on days 14, 28, 90 and 180 after CCL transaction. Statistical analysis of the results showed that both cytokines exhibited an increasing pattern. IL-1β showed significant increase after six months and IL-6 showed a non-significant increase. There was no significant correlation between these cytokines during the study. We concluded that although both degradation and repair were in progress in osteoarthritic joints, degradation was predominant over repair when no treatment was performed to slow down the process.
Key words: dog, IL-1β, IL- 6, osteoarthritis, Pond-Nuki (CCL) model, synovial fluid
Stratev, D., I. Vashin & H. Daskalov, 2013. Antimicrobial resistance of β-haemolytic Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 4, 289-296.
The aim of this study was to isolate β-haemolytic Aeromonas hydrophila strains from live rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) destined for human consumption and to investigate their resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Sterile swab samples were collected from 52 rainbow trouts. Fifteen (28.8%) β-haemolytic Aeromonas strains were isolated from collected 52 swab samples. Through API 20 NE, 12 of them were identified as A. hydrophila. The sensitivity of 8 isolates to antimicrobial drugs and drug combinations was determined using MICRONAUT-SB Varia KH I 2 microplates. All isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole and levofloxacin, and resistant to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefazolin, cefotiam, clindamycin, erythromycin, imipenem, linezolid, meropenem, teicoplanin and vancomycin. The percentages of resistance of isolates to the other tested chemotherapeutic drugs were variable. The presence of β-haemolytic A. hydrophila strains, resistant to antimicrobial drugs in rainbow trouts poses a potential risk for consumers’ health.
Key words: Aeromonas hydrophila, antimicrobial resistance, β-haemolysis, rainbow trout
Gurau, m. R., S. Baraitareanu & D. Danes, 2013. Ovine prion protein genotype profiles of merino rams in a Romanian farm. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 4 , 297-300.
The objective of this study has been the highlight of the rams’ scrapie resistant genotype profile in a Romanian sheep farm from the southeast area. Twenty-five breeding rams were genotyped. Most of the rams were in second class (56%), meaning sheep genetically resistant to scrapie, but asking a special attention to be used in selection programmes. In the first class (genotype ARR/ARR) we found only one ram (4%) that makes very difficult the genetic selection. The ARQ variant was the most frequent (56%). The results of this study prove the importance of sequence-based genotype investigations in the sheep-breeding management. Those data support the scrapie control and eradication programmes based on the gradual elimination of alleles associated with scrapie susceptibility and the use of the ARR/ARR genotype rams in breeding programmes.
Key words: genotyping, ovine genetic selection, scrapie, TSEs