ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 1313-3543 (online)
VOLUME 18, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2015
CONTENTS
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H. FATHPOUR, A. DOOSTI, P. GHASEMI-DEHKORDI & G. SHIRAZI Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 2, pp. 99-104 |
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A. chalmeh Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 2, pp. 105-111 |
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T. YANKOVSKA, N. STOILOVA, M. PEYCHEVA, S.
IVANOVA-GOCHEVA & A. NAZAROV Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 2, pp. 112-122 |
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T. A. AJADI & M. O. OYEYEMI |
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S. A. AUDISIO, P. G. VAQUERO, P. A. TORRES, E. C. VERNA,
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M. DARADKA, W. ALHAMAD & Z. B. ISMAIL |
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S. V. PRUTSAKOV, N. N. KRUZHNOV, I. A. BOLOTSKY & V. I. SEMENTSOV |
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R. MIŠEIKIENĖ, J. RUDEJEVIENĖ & G. GERULIS |
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S. KESYAKOVA, G. ZHELEV, A. DIMITROVA, М. BONOVSKA, P.
SABEV, T. LALKOVSKA & P. ZHELYAZKOV |
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S. SEIFI, R. KHOSHBAKHT & A. R. ATABAK |
Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia
University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 18, Number 2, June 2015, Summaries
Fathpour, H., A. Doosti, P. Ghasemi-Dehkordi & G. Shirazi, 2015. Generation of pcdna 3.1+-gh as a recombinant expression vector of ostrich growth hormone cdna in saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 2, 99–104. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.856
Growth hormone is essential hormone for vertebrates like the ostrich (Struthio camelus) for growth stimulation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein assimilation etc. Growth hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland and expressed in many cells and tissues. The purpose of this study was generation of pcDNA 3.1+-GH recombinant expression vector in order to sub-clone ostrich growth hormone cDNA into Escherichia coli. In brief, total RNA was extracted from the pituitary gland tissue and cDNA sample was synthesised. The cDNA was amplified by PCR and revealed a 672 bp fragment on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Then, the ostrich growth hormone cDNA was extracted from the gel and was cloned into pCR8/GW/TOPO vector by T/A cloning technique to produce pCR8/GW/TOPO-GH. After obtaining the sequence of cDNA of the ostrich in Iran, it was submitted in GenBank (Accession number: JN559394). Finally, the GH cDNA was sub-cloned using pcDNA 3.1+ into Saccharomyces cerevisiae and pcDNA 3.1+-GH recombinant expression vector was generated. The results of present study were showed that ostrich growth hormone cDNA was successfully sub-cloned into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, the pcDNA 3.1+-GH recombinant expression vector generated in this study could be useful to express the ostrich growth hormone in yeast cells as a simple and affordable way to produce this hormone at a large scale.
Key words: growth hormone, ostrich, pcDNA 3.1+-GH, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sub-cloningChalmeh, A., 2015. Changes of the electrocardiographic parameters during aging in clinically healthy Holstein cattle. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 2, 105–111. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.800
Electrocardiograms were recorded from 89 clinically healthy Holstein cattle divided into 10 age groups, comprising newborn calves (18 to 72 hours), 15 days, 1, 3, 6 and 9 months and 1, 3, 5, and 7 years of age. The electrocardiograms were recorded on a bipolar base apex lead, using limb lead I. Duration and amplitude of the P, QRS complexes, T waves and the PR, RR, QT and ST intervals were measured in traced electrocardiograms. The values of P-duration, P-R, R-R, Q-T and S-T intervals in adults were significantly higher than young cattle, but the amount of P and R-amplitudes in older animals were significantly lower than younger once (P<0.05). There were no significant changing patterns of T-duration, T, S and Q-amplitude among all age groups. With advancing age, degenerative changes such as developing fibrous tissue and fat deposits occured in heart muscle and its conduction system. Furthermore, the conductive properties of the body, cardiac mass and size, characteristics of purkinje fibres in cardiac conductive system and changes of vagal tone during aging can explain the changing patterns of bovine electrocardiographic parameters at different ages. The present study, also, incorporated both calves and adult Holstein cows in a single wide study which can provide a good basis for judging the electrocardiograms in cattle.
Key words: aging, electrocardiographic parameters, Holstein cattle
Yankovska, T., N. Stoilova, M. Peycheva, S. Ivanova-Gocheva & A. Nazarov, 2015. Validation of an analytical method for determination of 8-alpha-hydroxymutilin. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 2, 112–122. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.834
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the concentration of 8-alfa-hydroxymutilin (8α-HM) as marker residue for tiamulin (pleuromutilins group), to verify and validate an analytical method for the quantitative determination of 8-alpha-hydroxymutilin in porcine tissues (muscle and liver). Quantification of (8α-HM) was performed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This method was used to determine the residue of 8α-HM in porcine tissue after administration of Rodotet premix. In order to assess the residues in porcine tissues, an analytical method for 8-alpha-hydroxy-mutilin was verificated and validated in line with accordance of Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and VICH GL49.
Key words: 8-alfa-hydroxymutilin, hydrolysis, marker residue, method validation, MRL, tiamulin
Ajadi, T. A. & M. O. Oyeyemi, 2015. short-term effects of a single dose of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (gnrh) vaccine on testicular and ejaculate characteristics of dogs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 2, 123–131. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.809
The short-term effect of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine was evaluated in ten adult male dogs with mean weight of 8.0±1.2 kg, and age ranging between 1 and 3 years. The first group (control) comprised five intact dogs treated with normal saline, while the second group included five dogs treated with a single subcutaneous injection of 400 µg GnRH vaccine. Semen was obtained from the dogs before the administration of the vaccine and thereafter fortnightly up to twelve weeks for determination of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, percentage live-dead ratio and abnormal spermatozoa percentage. Also, the scrotal circumference of the dogs was measured fortnightly for sixteen weeks. At the end of the 16th week, testis of the control and treated dogs were surgically removed, the short and long axis determined, and fixed in Bouin’s fluid for histopathological examination. The testicular dimension, sperm volume, percentage sperm motility and sperm concentration were presented as mean±SD and compared using repeated measures ANOVA (SPSS 17.0 software). The scrotal circumference was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the treated dogs than in controls. The testicular dimension of control dogs (6.1±0.7 cm) was significantly (P<0.05) bigger than that of treated dogs (4.4±0.3 cm) Histologically, the testes of treated dogs showed clear disruption both in the number and morphology of the interstitial Leydig cells. The mean semen volume, sperm motility, concentration and live-dead ratio decreased (P<0.05) two weeks after treatment in vaccinated dogs, and thereafter the dogs became aspermic. It was concluded that the single injection of GnRH vaccine produced changes in the testes and semen of dogs and infertility up to post vaccination week 16.
Key words: dogs, immunocastration, GnRH vaccine, semen, testis
Audisio, S. A., P. G. Vaquero, P. A. Torres, E. C. Verna, L. N. Ocampo, A. L. Cristofolini & C. I. Merkis, 2015. Radiological evaluation of radial bone defects treated with demineralized bone matrix in an experimental rabbit model. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 2, 132–139. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.849
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is often used to treat bone defects due to its osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. The aim of this work is to evaluate the characteristics and evolution of the repair of experimental radial orthopaedic bone defects treated with DBM. DBM was prepared from rabbit bone obtained from cadavers, which were fragmented, defatted, demineralized and preserved in alcohol. Ten New Zealand rabbits were used. Critical size defects were created in one of the radiuses. The defects of 8 rabbits were filled with DBM while the other 2 rabbits did not receive any treatment. Each rabbit was radiologically followed at 15, 25, 40, 60 and 90 days. The untreated animals did not show presence of new bone in relation to the defect, whereas the DBM-treated defects were completely filled at day 90. The presence of new bone was evident from day 15 onward until the entire defect was repaired. The production of bone at each post operative period was statistically significant (p<0.0001) between the control examinations on days 15, 25 and 40, while at post operative days 60 and 90 there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The pattern of defects’ repair started with presence of new bone at the extremes of defects and continued towards their centre.
Key words: bone, demineralized bone matrix, osteotomy, rabbit, radiology, radius defect
Daradka, M., W. Alhamad & Z. B. Ismail, 2015. Coronary band autografting in donkeys: clinical and histological evaluation of healing quality of hoof wall defects. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 2, 140–147. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.811
Twelve healthy, adult donkeys of both sexes aged between 2 and 4 years were used to evaluate the feasibility of using coronary band autografts to aid in the healing of deep dermal hoof wall injuries. Wound healing and graft take were monitored visually and evaluated histologically at different time points. Epidermal cells of the coronary papillae survived the process of hoof wall stripping. Almost all areas of the basal membrane were intact and attached to the corium at the site of hoof wall stripping. Grafted basal cells were able to produce new generations of cells (keratinocytes or keratin producing cells) which matured and keratinised, resulting in the production of new stratum medium. Inspite of the fact that the new hoof wall was rough and irregular in shape, it was functional and donkeys were no longer lame at 28 days post surgery.
Key words: autograft, coronary band, donkey, hoof wall
Prutsakov, S. v., n. n. Kruzhnov, i. a. Bolotsky & v. i. Sementsov, 2015. African swine fever in the Krasnodar region. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 2, 148–158. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.829
Monitoring of the epidemic situation with African swine fever was carried out in the Krasnodar region (federal subject of Russia) in 2008–2013. This made it possible to determine sources, routes and factors promoting African swine fever spread. The major sources of the epidemic were presented by sick and dead wild and domestic pigs, non-decontaminated condemned meat products. During this time forty three outbreaks of this disease were reported in this region; more than 280 ths of pigs died and were destroyed, 36 pig enterprises were closed and it caused a great economic damage to pig farming industry of the region. Transmission factors were as followed: transport facilities that visited affected focal points and were not decontaminated to an accomplished standard, contaminated by African swine fever virus feeds, equipment, etc. Predictions on a possibility of occurrence of new disease cases in time and space are made using available information on ASF spread in the territory of the RF. As a result, a possibility to coordinate future efforts aimed at the disease surveillance in corresponding territories independently of reports from the given region emerges.
Key words: African swine fever, spread, economic damage, Krasnodar region, outbreak eradication
Mišeikienė, R., J. Rudejevienė & G. Gerulis, 2015. Effect of pre-milking antiseptic treatment on the bacterial contamination of cow teats’ skin. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 2, 159–166. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.833
The primary objective of premilking udder preparation and teats antiseptic is to achieve an acceptable level of decontamination of teat skin. This aids in reducing the spread of microorganisms and incidence of new intramammary infections, and in minimising the number of bacteria. The aim of our studies was to investigate the influence of pre-milking teat antiseptic solutions on total bacterial contamination of teat skin. Three udder antiseptics were applied: Dermisan 0.5% (active ingredient – aminopropyl laurylamine), 0.2% solution with active ingredient iodine, and foaming solution of natural compounds (lactic acid+glycerol+allantoin). Cow teats were swabbed before and after application of udder preparations. The total bacterial contamination on cows teat skin was determined employing serial dilutions and plate count method. Microorganisms were identified under uniform conditions on McConkey (for gram-negative bacteria), Columbia blood agar medium (for staphylococci), containing 5% sheep’s blood, Edwards (for streptococci) agars. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using descriptive statistics and independent-sample T test procedures in SPSS 13.0 for Windows. The udder applications with lactic acid and iodine had the highest probability (P<0.05) of reducing total bacterial contamination. The use of udder antiseptics for premilking teats preparation reduced the levels of coliforms, coagulase negative staphylococci and Streptococcus uberis but with exception of iodine, no effect was found on reducing Candida genus yeasts.
Key words: cow, microorganisms, teat antiseptic, total bacterial contamination
Kesyakova, S., G. Zhelev, A. Dimitrova, М. Bonovska, P. Sabev, T. Lalkovska & P. Zhelyazkov, 2015. Microbiological and parasitological investigations in rodents posing sanitary risk in animal facilities. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 2, 167–172. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.821
A total of 88 rodents – 22 Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), 36 black rats (Rattus rattus) and 10 house mice (Mus musculus), were caught in different animal facilities and two zoos. Additionally, 10 albino rats and 10 laboratory mice from a specialised vivarium were studied. Samples of hair, intestinal tract and liver were examined microbiologically. Faecal samples from the three synanthropic rodent species were investigated for presence of helminth eggs, and diaphragms of carcasses – for presence of trichinella larvae. Microbiological examination showed that synanthropic rodents carried enterotoxigaenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis strains and some bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniaе, Citrobacter freundi, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus spp. Moraxella atlantae, posing a potential risk for farm animal health. The detected eggs of parasites as Aspiculuris tetraptera, Hymenolepis spp., Eimeria spp., Oxyiuridae spp., were specific for synanthropic rodents.
Key words: animal facilities, rodents, sanitary risk
Seifi, S., r. Khoshbakht & a. R. Atabak, 2015. Antibiotic susceptibility, serotyping and pathogenicity evaluation of avian escherichia coli isolated from broilers in northern iran. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 2, 173–179. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.819
The aim of this study was to determine the main serotypes of avian-associated E. coli and their susceptibilities to common antimicrobial agents used in Iranian poultry industry. Furthermore the invasion characteristics of the poultry-associated isolates were evaluated. Eighty Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains were isolated from 63 broiler farms with colibacillosis clinical signs in Mazandaran province, northern of Iran. Antibacterial susceptibility testing of the isolates with ten selected antibiotics was conducted according to the standard methods and avian pathogen serotypes, O1, O2, O18 and O78:K80, were determined using the specific antisera. In addition, invasion properties of the isolates were examined based on Congo red dye agar test. According to the results, 73.75%, 71.25% and 65% of isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline, tetracycline and erythromycin, respectively, while resistance rates against enrofloxacin, florfenicol and norfloxacin were 7.5%, 7.5% and 2.5% respectively. The O78 and O1 were the predominant serotypes among E. coli isolates. Nine resistance patterns were observed in the E. coli isolates with predominant patterns being distributed widely across broilers indicating a striking diversity of resistance patterns in the areas. Cross-resistance between animal and human antimicrobial agents may be possible, thus, their proper usage in veterinary medicine is necessary.
Key words: broilers, Escherichia coli, Iran, multi-drug resistance, serotyping